@InProceedings{SabaCampKridPint:2009:HiViOb,
               author = "Saba, Marcelo Magalh{\~a}es Fares and Campos, Leandro and Krider, 
                         Philip and Pinto J{\'u}nior, Osmar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)} and Institute of 
                         Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "High-speed video observations of positive ground flashes produced 
                         by intracloud lightning",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2009",
         organization = "Iaga, 2009.",
             keywords = "Positive lightning, intracloud, sprite.",
             abstract = "High-speed video recordings of two lightning flashes confirm that 
                         positive cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes can be produced by extensive 
                         horizontal intracloud (IC) discharges within and near the cloud 
                         base. These recordings constitute the first observations of CG 
                         leaders emanating from IC discharges of either polarity. In one 
                         case, the discharge began with a negative leader that propagated 
                         horizontally, went upward and produced an IC discharge. After the 
                         beginning of the IC discharge, a positive leader emanated from the 
                         lowest portion of the IC discharge, and initiated a positive 
                         return stroke. In the other case, the IC discharge began with a 
                         positive leader and then initiated a downward-propagating positive 
                         leader that contained recoil processes and produced a bright 
                         return stroke followed by a long continuing luminosity. These 
                         observations help to understand the complex genesis of positive CG 
                         flashes, why IC lightning commonly precedes them and why extensive 
                         horizontal channels are often involved. The association of complex 
                         intracloud discharges with positive flashes suggests that positive 
                         discharges cannot always be modeled as the neutralization of 
                         simple, vertically stacked monopoles [Rakov, 2003]. Moreover, it 
                         can be helpful to studies on sprite morphology [Mika and 
                         Haldoupis, 2008] and to studies on why sprites are more common 
                         above some particular kind of storms [Lyons et al., 2008].",
  conference-location = "Sopron, Hungary",
      conference-year = "23-30 Aug.",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}